Critical risk genera (e.g. Fraxinus, Betula) face compound stressors: drought stress during hotter summers, Ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) eradication timeline, and root competition pressure. Most are already in managed decline across European cities.

High risk genera tolerate modest drought but will suffer increased pest and pathogen pressure. Acer pseudoplatanus faces Tar Spot and sooty bark disease escalation as temperatures rise.

Moderate risk genera can adapt but may show reduced vigour, dieback of upper canopy, and reduced lifespan in highly impervious urban environments.

Low risk / resilient genera are already adapted to periodic drought or warmer continental climates — Quercus, Tilia, Platanus, and Ginkgo are recommended by Forest Research as climate-smart choices for UK cities.

This map has been produced with the assitance of an AI model in order to combine tree attributes from a wide range of sources

The data currently only accounts for Genus wide attributes. Some individual species may exhibit different tolerances

• UKCP18 projections (Met Office, RCP8.5 scenario)

• Forest Research species selection guidance for climate change

• Sheffield SCC Streets Ahead data